Muslims tried to understand and then to develop existent knowledge. Especially, they undertook activity of intensive translation in the Abbasids period, and went to attack about science and philosophy. In consequence of conquests, Muslims who had encountered with Byzantium and Persians, benefitted from work of previous civilizations. Thus, scholastic thought had laid the foundations. In the other words, we can reconcile Aristotle and Plato’s philosophy with Christianity. source of generated knowledge from all of them is God who do not contradict on its own ,so reasonable and truth should be related. Faith comes from blessed book (God) ,and reason comes from regulated and interpreted sense data (From Revel). After that, he had mentioned as two sources of knowledge in Summa Contra Gentiles that is his famous book. Secondly, Thomas Aquinas who had built official discipline of Catholic Church, tried to ground blessed and unblessed knowledge. Church had construed the syllogism within the religion. This syllogism is not empirical that is mathematical, and it is closet the critical theory. One of basis source of Scholastic Thought is Aristotle’s syllogism that influenced thinkers of İslamic World. One of them is truth (from revel), another one is faith or reason (from God). Aristotle’s syllogism was considered the best, and in this time, two sources of knowledge showed up. Although, a king is an unrighteous pagan, he entitled to obey, but eternal solvation and spiritual matter, it is domain the church.Īristotle is appeared like saint of Christianity. When power of the state decreased, power of church increased. Augustine said that, ıf people revolt the state or king, it will be sin because aboveground leaders are determinant leaders by God. Obeying the state is also obeying the God. Church has an autonomous order like the state, and churches are guaranteed by God. There are two important thinkers in this period: Thomas Aquinas and Sean Augustine. At the same time, they opened a hospital on the purpose of treatment, but scientific treatment is forgotten and religious treatment had started because church claims that, church that had a blessed power could enhance patients. They caused conflict between religion, science and philosophy. Christians tried to obliterate Greek civilization’s traces, and fathers of church went beyond of the scope of on its own, and they attacked the science and philosophy. Hellenistic science and philosophy had developed, and Christianity was not defeating on its own views. In other words, Christianity started to split up. Debates about nature of Jesus developed further, and opposing views had shown up because of this. Church developed and got strong, but some factions were jeopardizing unity and collectivity of church. Tribes from the North attacked the Roman Empire, and then Roman Empire had got a big downfall, and leader started to near with Christianity for a while, and after a bit, Christianity is announced as official religion by Constantine. Previously, people who accepting Christianity are arrested and they are agonized, but Christianity is continued to pervade by unheeded poor masses. Christianity had shown up in Middle East, and after a bit, it started to create danger for local religions because entering another religion of Christians are prohibition, and this prohibition got damage unity and collectivity of Roman Empire. When romans won a war, it is conducted a ceremony for God, and romans people attended the ceremonies. Religion of Romans is polytheistic and primary religion, and also romans saw no harm at to enter some religions of anyone. We will mention below intellectual activities and socio-economic conditions. Such as Thomas Aquinas, Sean Augustine and Avecenna, Averroes etc. Also, we clearly see that, some thinkers had shown up in İslamic and Christian World. At the same period, Islam and Christianity had shown up, and in these periods. Medieval Age was called Dark Age that had split up periods as The Early Middle Ages (Dark Ages), the high middle Ages and The Late Middle Ages.
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